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= = =Bush Takes Over  =

The Election of 1988

 * =====Bush Ran for president in the 1988 Election.=====
 * George H. W. Bush was a Republican.
 * Jesse Jackson and Micheal Dukakis competed for the democratic spot and Micheal Dukakis won.
 * Bush received 426 of the electoral votes, therefore making him the winner.

The New President

 * Before Bush became president he served as a member of Congress, an ambassador and the director of the Central intelligence Agency
 * He promised a "kinder, gentler nation."
 * ======Bush had a very moderate course.======

Drugs, Education and the Environment

 * He believed America needed to control the spread of illegal drugs.
 * Bush appointed William Bennett to be a drug czar.
 * William resigned in 1990, he said that the use of drugs had dropped but the flow of drugs into the country continued.
 * Bob Martinez replaced him.
 * Bush had also promised that he would create new programs for the Environment and Education.
 * The local schools districts and states had to come up this money to put the standards in effect.
 * Bush appointed William Reilly to lead the Environment Protection Agency (EPA).
 * In 1990 he signed a bill that had tougher standards to reduce the air pollution.

The Savings and Loans Crisis

 * Savings and Loans institution had long financed mortgages from Americans buying homes.
 * Interest rates skyrocketed in the late 1970s, making savings banks stuck with low interest, long-term mortgages.
 * Many S&Ls were ready to out of business.
 * The Reagan Administration had a meeting to deregulate S&Ls. This gave them more freedom.
 * Many S&Ls went bankrupt because the loans were not repaired.
 * The Bush Administration set up a Federal Agency to take over the failed banks, sell them, or sell off there assets.
 * Many people blamed the Reagan's banking officals because they claim they ignored the evidence that a crisis was about to happen.
 * The collapse of many S&Ls weakened the nation's banking system.

**Reducing the Deficit**

 * The Savings and Loans crisis added to the growing Deficit.
 * The "capitol gains" tax cut would stimulate the economy.
 * Many argued that the measure would benefit the rich investors the most.
 * They finally reached a plan that claims to cut the deficit by 500 billion dollars over a 5 year period.

**The Elections of 1990 **
~ A Congress unwilling to make difficult choices on raising taxes or cutting programs. ~ A President who seemed unable to direct a solution to the budget crisis. ~ Billions of dollars needed to bail out savings and loans institutions due to mismanagement.
 * Many people saw:

Flags and the Supreme court
= = =A World in Transition =
 * In 1989, The court struck down a Texas law the made burning the American Flag illegal.
 * People say that it took away their freedom of speech.
 * bush tried to make a law that forbids the burning of the flag.

The End to the Cold War

 * In 1989 and 1990 communist governments began to collapse.
 * In 1981 the Polish government outlawed Solidarity.
 * ====Then in 1989 communist government allowed solidarity candidates to run for the Polish party.====

A Wall Comes Down

 * In November of 1989 the decision was made to take the Berlin Wall down.
 * By the summer of 1990 the two sides were reunited.
 * On October 4, 1990 the wall came down.

Moving Towards Democracy

 * The communist government was forced to resign in 1989.
 * The Czechs chose Vaclav Havel for their new president.
 * the end of communism was soon to come in Soviet Union.

The American Response

 * Lech Walesa visited the United States in 1989 and Vaclav Havel went in 1990.
 * They praised the raise of democracy and promised economic support.
 * The money that founded the arms race could now be used to expand social programs or reduce the deficit.

New Directions in Latin America

 * Bush did not continue to press for military aid to the Contras.
 * They formed a bipartisan agreement with the Contras, which gave them food, clothing and medical supplies.

Invasion of Panama

 * Panama was a banking center and shipping center for major drug dealers.
 * December 20, 1989 bush sent military forces into Panama.
 * The dictator surrendered and he was taken to the U.S. for his trial

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Unrest in china

 * IN 1989 Chinese students began to campaign for democratic reforms.
 * Thousands of protesters were killed or arrested.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">A policy Toward South America

 * Economic sanctions forbid Americans firms to invest in South America or to import South African products.
 * In 1990 Mandela and de Klerk visited the United States and met with Bush.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">War Clouds in the Middle East

 * On August 2, 1990 Saddam's troops invaded Kuwait.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">A complex Threat

 * IN the 1980s the industrial nations have become more dependent on oil from the Persian Gulf.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">The World Responds

 * Bush immediately sent troops to Saudi Arabia.
 * United Nations had a boycott on trade to Iraq.
 * Saddam held many Americans and foreigners hostage
 * Bush urged the Arab nation to join other nations to force Saddam out of Kuwait.
 * Saddam warned if any nation bombed Iraq all the hostages would die.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Fugitives in a Desert Drama
<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">**War in the Persian Gulf**
 * Iraqi troops invade Kuwait and rummaged through stores, businesses, and hospitals to take any valuable goods back to Iraq.
 * In 1990, Bush told the United Nations Security Council to declare January 15, 1991 the deadline for Iraqi troops to leave Kuwait.
 * Bush sent 200,000 more troops to Kuwait to prepare for the Offensive strike.
 * In December Saddam refused the chance to negotiate but he left most of the hostages go.
 * On January 16, The United states and several other nations launched an air attack on Iraq.
 * They defeated Iraq in six weeks.